Al-Manarah; Journal of Education and Islamic Studies
Al-Manarah: Journal of Education and Islamic Studies is an academic journal focusing on Islamic education from various theoretical and practical perspectives. This journal serves as a platform for academics, researchers, and education practitioners to share research findings, innovative ideas, and critical analyses related to the development of Islamic education systems in diverse contexts, both formal and non-formal. With a broad scope, the journal covers various aspects of Islamic education, including curriculum, teaching methods, educational technology, education policy, and contemporary issues affecting Islamic education globally. Each edition of Al-Manarah: Journal of Education and Islamic Studies presents scholarly articles that have undergone a rigorous peer-review process to ensure high academic standards. The published articles include empirical studies, conceptual analyses, and comparative research that offer new insights into the field of Islamic education. This journal also serves as a medium for discussing the challenges and opportunities in advancing Islamic education in the digital era, particularly in response to the demands of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the complexities of globalization. As a journal committed to academic excellence, Al-Manarah: Journal of Education and Islamic Studies welcomes contributions from various stakeholders, including scholars, educators, students, and policymakers in the field of Islamic education. With its dedication to advancing knowledge, this journal aims to enrich the academic discourse on Islamic education and serve as a key reference for researchers and practitioners striving to enhance the quality of Islamic education at national and international levels.
Transactional Political Culture and the Challenges of Public Participation in Indonesian Democracy in the Digital Era
This study examines transactional political culture and the challenges of public participation in Indonesia’s digital democracy era. The rapid development of information technology and social media has transformed patterns of political communication and public participation, while simultaneously creating new forms of transactional political practices in digital spaces. This study aims to analyze the transformation of transactional political culture in the digital era and its implications for the quality of public participation in Indonesian democracy. The study employed a qualitative approach using library research methods. Data were collected from scientific journals, books, research reports, government documents, and relevant digital media publications. The data were analyzed using content analysis and descriptive-critical analysis techniques to identify patterns of transactional political practices and their influence on digital democratic participation. The findings reveal that transactional political culture remains deeply rooted in Indonesian democracy and has transformed into more complex digital forms through social media, political buzzers, digital propaganda, and information manipulation. Digital political participation tends to become symbolic, emotional, and vulnerable to disinformation and polarization. In addition, social media algorithms and digital communication structures contribute to the strengthening of transactional political networks and elite domination in digital public spaces. The study further finds that strengthening political literacy, digital literacy, and civil society participation is essential for improving the quality of democracy in the digital era. This study contributes to the discourse on digital democracy by offering an integrative perspective on transactional political culture, digital transformation, and public participation in contemporary Indonesian democracy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Al-Manarah; Journal of Education and Islamic Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Nature of Humanity and Knowledge as the Ontological Foundation of Islamic Education in Al-Ghazali’s Perspective
This study aims to analyze the concepts of the nature of human beings and knowledge in Al-Ghazali’s perspective as the ontological foundation of Islamic education. This research employs a qualitative approach using a library research design, drawing on Al-Ghazali’s major works and other relevant literature. Data were collected through documentation techniques and analyzed using content analysis with descriptive-analytical and philosophical approaches. The findings reveal that, according to Al-Ghazali, human beings are an integral unity of body, intellect, and soul, with the soul serving as the center of moral and spiritual consciousness. Meanwhile, knowledge is understood as a transformative means that is not merely cognitive but also functions in moral formation and the purification of the soul. The relationship between the nature of human beings and knowledge forms a holistic and integrative ontological framework for Islamic education, emphasizing the balance between intellectual, moral, and spiritual dimensions. This study contributes theoretically to strengthening the philosophical foundation of Islamic education, particularly in developing a more systematic and contextual ontology of education.
Designing the Islamic Economic System: Fair Markets and Economic Actors
Global economic transformation and the rapid development of the digital economy have generated various challenges, including distributive inequality, market monopolies, economic speculation, and the decline of ethical awareness among economic actors, thereby highlighting the need for an economic system that is oriented not only toward growth but also toward justice and moral responsibility. This study aims to construct a framework of the Islamic economic system based on a fair market by positioning economic actors as moral subjects within contemporary economic activities. The study employs a qualitative approach using library research and a critical conceptual analysis design. Data sources were derived from the Qur’an, Hadith, classical Islamic literature, international scholarly articles, and various academic sources related to Islamic economics, market systems, economic ethics, and maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. Data were analyzed through content analysis and thematic analysis to identify the relationship between market mechanisms, the ethics of economic actors, and the principles of Islamic economics. The findings reveal that the Islamic economic system is constructed through the integration of normative foundations, fair market mechanisms, and ethical economic actors. In Islam, the market functions not only as an economic mechanism but also as a social institution oriented toward distributive justice and collective welfare, while economic actors are positioned as moral subjects with spiritual and social responsibilities in economic activities. The study also finds that maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah serves as an integrative framework connecting economic efficiency, social justice, and moral responsibility within the contemporary Islamic economic system. This study contributes to the development of a more integrative, humane, and contextually relevant conceptual model of Islamic economics in responding to the challenges of the global digital economy.
Islamic Transaction Contracts: Principles, Practices, and Contemporary Challenges in Sharia Economic Systems
The rapid transformation of the global digital economy through fintech, blockchain, cryptocurrency, and smart contracts has influenced the development of Islamic economics while simultaneously creating opportunities and challenges in the implementation of Sharī‘ah-based transactional contracts. This study aims to analyze the fundamental principles of Islamic transactional contracts, examine their implementation within contemporary Islamic economic systems, identify the challenges of contracts in the digital era, and formulate a conceptual model of contracts based on maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. This research employed a qualitative approach using library research methods through the analysis of classical and contemporary literature on fiqh muamalah, Islamic economics, digital finance, and Sharī‘ah governance. Data were collected through documentation techniques and systematic literature reviews, then analyzed using descriptive-analytical and critical approaches. The findings reveal that Islamic transactional contracts remain highly relevant as ethical and normative foundations within contemporary economic systems because they emphasize justice, transparency, trustworthiness, and the prohibition of exploitative economic practices. However, the implementation of contracts in modern financial institutions is still dominated by formalistic approaches and sale-based contracts, while digital technological developments have generated new legal and ethical complexities related to smart contracts, cryptocurrency, and digital transactions. This study also finds that the reconstruction of Islamic contracts requires an integrative approach that connects classical fiqh muamalah, digital economic innovation, ethical governance, and maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. The novelty of this study lies in its integrative approach to reconstructing Islamic transactional contracts amid digital economic transformation without neglecting the ethical and social objectives of Sharī‘ah. This study contributes theoretically to the development of Islamic economic studies and practically to strengthening Sharī‘ah governance within digital financial systems.
Analysis of Islamic Educational Thought and the Study of Classical Scholars from Historical and Conceptual Perspectives
This study aims to analyze the genealogy of classical Islamic educational thought by examining its epistemological foundations and the contributions of key classical scholars. The research employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method, drawing from primary sources such as the original works of Ibn Khaldun, Ibn Miskawayh, Al-Kindi, Al-Ghazali, and Ibn Sina, as well as secondary sources including academic books, journal articles, and relevant scholarly studies. Data were collected through documentation techniques and analyzed using content analysis to identify key educational concepts and their relevance to contemporary educational theory. The findings reveal that classical Islamic educational thought is grounded in an integrated epistemological framework that combines revelation, reason, and experience as complementary sources of knowledge. This integration produces a holistic educational paradigm that emphasizes intellectual development, moral formation, and spiritual refinement. The study also shows that classical scholars developed distinctive yet interconnected educational perspectives: Al-Ghazali emphasized spiritual and moral purification, Ibn Sina focused on systematic and developmental learning, and Ibn Khaldun highlighted the social and psychological dimensions of education. Furthermore, the results indicate that classical Islamic educational thought has strong relevance to modern educational theories such as constructivism, humanism, and character education. These alignments demonstrate that classical ideas continue to offer meaningful contributions to contemporary educational discourse, particularly in addressing moral and spiritual challenges in modern education systems. This study concludes that classical Islamic educational thought provides a comprehensive and integrated framework for understanding education as a process of holistic human development. It is recommended that future research expand the scope of scholars studied and explore empirical applications of these classical concepts in modern educational settings, including curriculum design and pedagogical practices.
The Essence of Educators and Learners in Islamic Education: A Philosophical and Pedagogical Perspective
The research aims to examine the essence of educators and learners in Islamic education. Islamic education is primarily oriented toward developing knowledgeable and virtuous individuals through a learning process imbued with spiritual, moral, and humanistic values. This study seeks to reveal the existential nature of educators and students in Islamic education and how their relationship shapes a meaningful educational process. Educators and learners can be regarded as two sides of the same coin that cannot be separated from one another. In carrying out their duties and functions, educators bear a very heavy responsibility, as they are accountable not only to parents or guardians but also to Allah SWT. This research employs a qualitative approach, specifically library research, which uses books and other literature as the main sources of data. In addition, a descriptive method is used to analyze the data. This descriptive analysis provides a clear, objective, and systematic explanation. Islamic education views learners as both objects and subjects in the educational process. Therefore, it is expected that learners themselves understand their roles and responsibilities in order to achieve the intended educational goals. Consequently, both educators and learners, as key actors in education, need to re-examine the essence of their roles within Islamic education.
Synthesis of Classical Islamic Educational Epistemology: Al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, and Al-Ghazali in the Era of Intellectual Disruption
This study aims to analyze and synthesize the epistemology of classical Islamic education through the perspectives of Al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, and Al-Ghazali in addressing modern intellectual disruption. This research employs a qualitative approach using a library research design grounded in an interpretive-constructivist paradigm. Data were collected from primary sources consisting of the major works of the thinkers and secondary sources from relevant academic literature. The data were analyzed using content analysis, philosophical hermeneutics, and comparative analysis within an integrative synthesis framework. The findings reveal that Al-Farabi emphasizes logical rationality as a foundation for building a civilized society, Ibn Sina highlights the importance of a biopsychological approach in developing individual potential, and Al-Ghazali places ethics and spirituality at the core of education. The synthesis of these perspectives results in a holistic-integrative education model that integrates intellectual, individual, and spiritual dimensions into a unified framework. This study concludes that reconstructing Islamic educational epistemology based on classical thought holds both conceptual and practical relevance in responding to modern intellectual disruption. The main contribution of this research lies in formulating an integrative epistemological model of Islamic education as an alternative paradigm that is more humanistic, adaptive, and oriented toward character formation and ethical civilization.
Evaluation of Program For Implementing the Deep Learning Approach in Kindergartens Using the CIPP Model
The deep learning approach in early childhood education aims to create meaningful learning experiences through exploratory, collaborative, and reflective activities. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of a deep learning approach program in a kindergarten using the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) evaluation model. The research method used was descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through interviews and observations. The results of the study on the context aspect indicate that the program is in accordance with the developmental needs of early childhood and is supported by school policies. On the input aspect, educators have good competence and adequate infrastructure, although the variety of learning media still needs to be improved. On the process aspect, learning activities are active and meaningful, children are involved in exploration and collaboration, while educators act as facilitators. However, classroom management remains a challenge that needs to be addressed. On the product aspect, the program has been proven to improve children's critical thinking skills, creativity, communication, cooperation, and social-emotional development. This study concludes that the deep learning program is effective and worthy of being continued with improvements in learning media innovation and classroom management
Copyright (c) 2025 Al-Manarah; Journal of Education and Islamic Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Social Justice, Commnity Empowerment, and Constructive Muslim Theology
This paper starts from a theoretical perspective on the shifting paradigm of community empowerment/development which positions religion as a crucial variable in socio-community change. Borrowing and utilizing decolonial perspectives as its theoretical framework and Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) as its research method, this paper then traces the genealogy of Islamic discourses on justice and how they exercised within the practices of community development/empowerment in Muslim communities. While answering these two main questions, it also demonstrates power relations in religious interpretation and practice, as well as their relationship to community development/empowerment. The paper concludes with a critical reflection after analyzing several case studies of community empowerment efforts.
The Role of Written Heritage of Bukhara in the Development of World Civilization
The written heritage of Bukhara constitutes a significant pillar in the formation and transmission of knowledge within world civilization, particularly during the classical Islamic period. This study aims to examine the scope, characteristics, and civilizational significance of Bukhara’s manuscript tradition, highlighting its role in the development of religious sciences, medicine, literature, history, and Sufism, as well as its function as a center of intercivilizational knowledge exchange. Employing qualitative historical methods, including codicological analysis, classification, categorization, and comparative analysis, this research investigates manuscripts preserved in the Oriental Manuscripts Fund of the Abu Ali Ibn Sino Library in Bukhara. The findings demonstrate that the collection encompasses manuscripts dating from the eighth to the twentieth centuries, written in Arabic, Persian, and Turkic languages, originating not only from Bukhara and Transoxiana but also from broader intellectual networks spanning Central Asia, the Middle East, South Asia, and beyond. The presence of translated works by classical Greek authorities such as Hippocrates and Galen further underscores Bukhara’s role as a hub for the transmission and integration of knowledge across civilizations. In addition to medical and religious texts, the collection preserves major works of classical Eastern literature and biographical compendia, reflecting a vibrant literary and intellectual culture. Overall, this study argues that Bukhara’s written heritage represents not merely a local or regional legacy but an integral component of global intellectual history, offering valuable insights for contemporary discussions on intercivilizational dialogue, knowledge continuity, and the revitalization of humanistic values in the modern era.
The Urgency of Time Utilization in Islamic Education: A Critical Study of Surah Al-‘Asr in the Qur’an
This study examines the urgency of time utilization within the perspective of Islamic education through a critical analysis of Surah Al-‘Asr. The research aims to formulate a conceptual framework of time management grounded in Qur’anic values as a foundation for strengthening the quality of Islamic education. This study employs a qualitative approach using a library research method, drawing on classical and contemporary Qur’anic exegeses, Islamic education literature, and relevant academic sources. Data were analyzed using content analysis and thematic interpretation to identify key educational values related to time. The findings reveal that time in the Qur’anic perspective is not merely a chronological dimension but a moral and spiritual trust that determines human success or failure. Surah Al-‘Asr outlines four fundamental principles—faith, righteous deeds, mutual exhortation to truth, and mutual exhortation to patience—as essential elements for optimizing time. These principles reflect core educational values, including discipline, productivity, social responsibility, and resilience. The study also highlights that effective time management is closely linked to the success of the learning process and the formation of students’ character. This study concludes that integrating Qur’anic values of time utilization into Islamic education can contribute to the development of a holistic educational model that balances cognitive, moral, and spiritual dimensions. Therefore, strengthening awareness and practice of time management based on Islamic principles is essential for addressing contemporary educational challenges. Future research is recommended to explore empirical applications of these values in educational institutions and their relevance in modern learning contexts.
Analysis of Islamic Educational Thought and Study of Classical Figures
This study examines classical Islamic educational thought through an analysis of three prominent figures: Al-Kindi, Ibn Miskawaih, and Ibn Khaldun. Using a qualitative library research approach, the study explores how their educational ideas address intellectual development, moral formation, and social adaptation within the Islamic tradition. Data were collected from primary classical texts and relevant secondary sources and analyzed using content analysis to identify core educational principles, learning methods, and conceptual orientations. The findings reveal that Al-Kindi emphasizes rational inquiry and the integration of reason and revelation, positioning education as a means of attaining truth through systematic and logical thinking. Ibn Miskawaih places moral and character education at the center of the educational process, highlighting the role of ethical habituation, early moral development, and psychological balance. Meanwhile, Ibn Khaldun views education as a socially embedded and context-dependent process, stressing the importance of societal relevance, specialization of knowledge, experiential learning, and environmental influence. Collectively, these perspectives form an integrative educational framework that balances intellectual, moral, and socio-adaptive dimensions. The study demonstrates that classical Islamic educational thought remains theoretically relevant for contemporary educational discourse and offers valuable insights for developing holistic, context-sensitive, and ethically grounded educational models in the modern era.
Implementing the Independent Learning Curriculum in Elementary Schools: Challenges and Strategies
This study examines the implementation of the Merdeka Belajar Curriculum at the elementary school level as part of the national education reform initiated by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology in 2021. This curriculum is designed to provide flexibility for educational units to develop flexible, competency-based learning that is relevant to the local context. At the elementary school level, this curriculum plays a strategic role in shaping students' character, basic skills, and motivation to learn. However, various literature shows that the implementation of the Merdeka Belajar Curriculum still faces obstacles such as teacher readiness, limited infrastructure, gaps in technology access, and differing understanding of policies. This study aims to analyze these challenges, examine implementation strategies, and provide recommendations to improve the effectiveness of curriculum implementation. The method used is descriptive qualitative through a literature study, reviewing books, scientific articles, journals, official reports, and policy documents. This literature study was chosen because it allows researchers to systematically explore various empirical findings on curriculum implementation in various school contexts. The analysis is conducted through collecting, recording, and interpreting findings from various sources to build a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing the success of curriculum implementation. The study results show that the Independent Learning Curriculum has had a positive impact, increasing teacher innovation, developing project-based learning, and increasing student participation. However, there are disparities in implementation across schools. The most influential factors are teacher competence, support from the principal and educational management, the readiness of infrastructure, and parental involvement. Schools with adequate facilities and adaptive leadership are able to implement the curriculum more optimally than schools with limited resources. This study concludes that while the Independent Learning Curriculum has strong potential to improve the quality of basic education, its success depends heavily on the synergy of various educational elements. Continuous teacher training, intensive mentoring, strengthening infrastructure, and collaboration between schools, the government, and parents are needed to ensure equitable, effective, and sustainable implementation of the curriculum.
Online Buying and Selling From an Islamic Religious Perspective: A Review of Fiqih Muamalah
The development of information technology has brought about major changes in people's transaction patterns, one of which is through the practice of online buying and selling (e-commerce). This phenomenon provides convenience and efficiency in trade, but also raises a number of problems from an Islamic legal perspective, such as the potential for gharar, fraud, and the unclear object of the contract. This study aims to review the practice of online buying and selling from the perspective of muamalah fiqh by emphasizing the principles of justice (al-'adl), honesty (ash-shidq), openness (al-wudhuh), and benefit (maslahah). The research method used is a qualitative literature study approach, using primary sources in the form of the Qur'an, Hadith, and classical and contemporary fiqh literature, as well as secondary sources such as scientific journals, books, and fatwas DSN-MUI. The results of the study indicate that online buying and selling is valid according to sharia if the pillars and conditions of buying and selling are met, namely the presence of a seller, a buyer, a clear object of the contract, and ijab qabul realized through a digital system. However, inappropriate practices such as manipulating product descriptions, concealing defects, and low price transparency can lead to gharar (unlawful activity) and fraud, which are prohibited in Islam. Therefore, Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh muamalah) provides a normative and practical framework to ensure online transactions comply with sharia, protect consumer rights, and generate benefits in the digital economy
Building Tolerance Together: Social Relations between Muslims and Non-Muslim
This research aims to analyze the dynamics of social relations between Muslim and non-Muslim communities in an effort to build mutual tolerance in a multicultural environment. The study focuses on forms of social interaction, factors supporting and inhibiting tolerance, and strategies used by communities to maintain harmony. The research method uses a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis in several interfaith communities..Coexistence between adherents of different religions is a reality that has long been part of the history of the Indonesian nation. The nation's founders have provided concrete examples of the importance of implementing the values ​​of tolerance in national and state life. Nevertheless, in everyday social practice, various problems related to tolerance between religious communities are still frequently encountered. One of these is a misunderstanding of the true meaning of tolerance, which leads to inaccuracies in patterns of interaction and social relations between adherents of different religions. This study aims to examine various social phenomena related to the dynamics of interreligious relations and describe them based on data obtained. encompasses individual, group, institutional, and societal aspects. The research findings indicate that tolerance is fostered through open communication, cooperation in social activities, and an understanding of inclusive religious values. However, challenges such as stereotypes, lack of religious literacy, and the influence of misinformation remain obstacles to strengthening intergroup relations. This research emphasizes the importance of interfaith dialogue, multicultural education, and strengthening the role of religious leaders and social institutions in fostering harmonious relations between Muslims and non-Muslims. These findings are expected to inform the development of community empowerment programs and social policies oriented toward peace and social cohesion.
Test Tube Babies and Artificial Insemination: A Review of Contemporary Islamic Law in Animals and Humans
The development of modern reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) and artificial insemination has presented significant opportunities as well as new challenges in the medical, social, and religious fields. IVF has become a primary solution for couples experiencing infertility, while artificial insemination in animals has become an important strategy for increasing livestock productivity, economic efficiency, and global food security. However, these technologies raise contemporary Islamic jurisprudence issues, particularly regarding the validity of lineage, the legal status of the use of third-party donors, the practice of surrogacy, and its ethical implications in Muslim societies. This study uses a literature review method by examining primary sources in the form of the Qur'an, hadith, and classical Islamic jurisprudence books, as well as secondary sources in the form of official fatwas and contemporary research in the fields of bioethics and reproduction. The analysis is conducted descriptively and analytically with a maqāṣid al-syarī'ah approach to understand the relevance of Islamic law to the dynamics of modern technology. The research results show that the majority of ulama allow the practice of IVF and artificial insemination as long as the sperm, ovum and uterus come from a legal husband and wife couple, because this is in line with the maqāṣid of protecting offspring. On the other hand, the use of sperm donors, ovum donors, or surrogate wombs is declared haram because it has the potential to cause chaos and violate sharia principles. In the context of animals, artificial insemination is considered permissible as long it brings economic benefits and does not cause major harm, according to the rules of al-aṣlu fi al-ashyā' al-ibāḥah. This research emphasizes the importance of contemporary jurisprudence that is adaptive to developments in medical technology and biotechnology, so that it is able to provide normative guidance as well as ethical solutions for Muslims in facing changing times.
The Strategic of the Ummah as Guardians of Family Food (Hifzh al-Ghidhā'): A Sharia Review of Improving Knowledge of Poultry Product Quality and Safety
This study aims to measure the effect of educational interventions on increasing the knowledge of the ummahat (housewives) group regarding the quality and safety of poultry products, viewed from the perspective of Maqashid Syari'ah. Ummahat has a vital role in Hifzh an-Nafs (maintenance of the soul) through ensuring halal thayyiban. The method used is a quasi-experimental study with a One-Group Pre-test Post-test design. The research subjects are ummahat in Muhajirun Hamlet, South Lampung. This hamlet has an area of ​​90 hectares and is supported by educational facilities based on Islamic boarding schools (such as Shuffah Hizbullah Islamic Boarding School) and a religious center (An Nubuwwah Mosque), creating a religious environment with a strong culture of mutual cooperation. The results of the study showed a very significant increase in knowledge from a total average score of 43.13 in the pre-test to 90.43 in the post-test. The highest increase was recorded in the aspect of Characteristics of Good Eggs (49.80%). The results of the statistical test support the hypothesis that educational intervention Iḥtiyāṭ(caution) has proven effective in transferring food safety knowledge. Increasing the knowledge of the ummahat group regarding the quality and safety of poultry products is a sharia obligation summarized in the Maqashid Syari'ah framework, specifically Hifzh an-Nafs and Hifzh al-Mal. The ummahat plays a role as muḥāfizh al-ghidhā'(food guard) who ensures that every mouthful for the family is halal and thayyiban.
Reconstructing the Role and Responsibilities of Parents in Islamic Education: A Study of Surah At-Tahrim: 6
Education is not only the responsibility of schools but also of parents. In Islam, the Qur’an emphasizes the family’s role in shaping children’s faith and character, as stated in Surah At-Tahrim verse 6. this study aims to analyze in depth the roles, duties, and functions of parents in education from the perspective of Surah At-Tahrim verse 6. This research employs a qualitative method with a thematic (maudhui) exegesis approach and library research. The data are obtained from primary sources, namely the Qur’an and classical as well as contemporary tafsir works (including Tafsir Ibn Kathir, Al-Maraghi, and Quraish Shihab), as well as secondary sources in the form of Islamic education literature, journals, and scholarly books related to the role of the family in education. The data are analyzed using content analysis techniques to identify the educational values contained in the verse and its interpretations. The results of the study indicate that parents have a central role in children’s education, which includes: (1) serving as the primary educators in shaping the child’s faith, character, and personality; (2) acting as guides and mentors in the child’s spiritual, intellectual, and social development; and (3) functioning as protectors by creating a religious and conducive family environment for the development of faith. The duties and functions of parents include providing exemplary behavior, educating with love and discipline, and maintaining effective supervision and communication. These findings affirm that the success of children’s education from an Islamic perspective largely depends on the active involvement and awareness of parental responsibility in carrying out the trust (amanah) from Allah, as emphasized in Surah At-Tahrim verse 6.
Analyzing the Schools of Idealism and Realism in the Perspective of Islamic Philosophy of Education
This study aims to examine two major schools of thought in educational philosophy, namely idealism and realism, as well as their implications for Islamic philosophy of education in the modern era. Idealism, rooted in the thought of Plato, places ideas and spirituality as the highest reality, whereas realism, grounded in the thought of Aristotle, asserts that reality is objective and can be understood through empirical experience. This study employs a qualitative descriptive-comparative approach by reviewing classical and modern sources, including recent literature from the 2020–2025 period. The findings indicate that idealism emphasizes the formation of values, morals, and the spiritual development of learners, while realism highlights the mastery of facts, skills, and the ability to adapt to the real world. In the context of Islamic education, the integration of these two schools is considered essential to create a balanced educational system—one that harmonizes values and practice, as well as spirituality and rationality. The synthesis of idealism and realism is believed to be capable of producing a generation that is knowledgeable, morally upright, and adaptive to the development of the times.
The Role of Religion in Strengthening Democratic Values in Indonesia Based on Pancasila: A Qualitative Library Research Study
This study aims to analyze the role of religion in strengthening democratic values in Indonesia based on Pancasila. Indonesian democracy is not only oriented toward a political system but also requires moral and spiritual foundations in order to function in a just and civilized manner. This research employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method, with data obtained from various relevant sources such as books, scientific journals, and official documents. The findings indicate that religion has a significant influence on strengthening democracy through three main roles: as a source of moral values that guide political behavior in accordance with ethics and justice; as a shaper of civic awareness characterized by responsibility, honesty, and tolerance; and as a social adhesive that maintains harmony in a plural society. These findings affirm that democracy in Indonesia cannot be separated from religious values, which are an integral part of national life. The study concludes that religion plays an important role in maintaining the quality of democracy by instilling values of justice, humanity, and tolerance, as well as preventing the misuse of political freedom for practical interests. Therefore, the integration of religious values and democratic principles is essential for achieving a just and dignified social order.
Educational Values in Surah Al-Fatihah: A Thematic Exegesis Analysis and Its Relevance to Contemporary Islamic Education
This study is motivated by the importance of reconstructing Islamic educational values based on the Qur’an in response to the challenges of globalization and the moral degradation of the younger generation. Surah Al-Fatihah, as the “Mother of the Book” (Umm al-Kitab), not only functions as an obligatory recitation in worship but also contains fundamental, universal, and applicable educational principles for human life. This research aims to explore in depth the educational values contained in Surah Al-Fatihah, which include the education of aqidah (faith), sharia (Islamic law), worship (ibadah), morals (akhlaq), exemplary guidance (stories/role models), and health, as well as their relevance to the formation of insan kamil (the perfect human being) within the perspective of Islamic education. Using a qualitative approach based on library research, this study examines classical and contemporary Qur’anic exegesis, Islamic educational theories, and relevant academic literature to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the meanings contained in Surah Al-Fatihah. The analysis shows that each verse in Surah Al-Fatihah contains systematically structured educational messages, beginning with the recognition of Allah as the source of education, the cultivation of monotheistic awareness (tawhid), the strengthening of spirituality through worship, the formation of moral character, and guidance for humans to follow the path of the righteous and avoid deviation. Thus, Surah Al-Fatihah can serve as a philosophical, theological, and pedagogical foundation in designing a holistic and revelation-based Islamic education curriculum and methodology. This study is expected to contribute to the development of Islamic education concepts that are not only oriented toward cognitive aspects but also toward spiritual, moral, and social dimensions.
Implementing Gender Equality in Islamic Religious Education Learning at SMAN 15 Bandar Lampung
Islamic teachings fundamentally uphold justice and equality between men and women, gender bias continues to emerge in the practical implementation of Islamic Religious Education learning in classroom settings. This study aims to analyze the application of gender equality in PAI learning, focusing on instructional planning, classroom teaching and learning practices, learning materials, teacher–student interactions, and students’ perceptions. This research employed a qualitative case study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with PAI teachers, students, and school administrators; classroom observations; and document analysis of lesson plans and instructional materials. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis involving data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, supported by triangulation of sources and techniques to ensure validity. The findings indicate that gender equality has been partially integrated into PAI instructional planning and classroom practices, particularly in providing equal learning opportunities and participation for male and female students. However, subtle gender bias remains evident in certain learning materials, pedagogical strategies, and patterns of classroom interaction. Students generally perceive PAI learning as fair and inclusive, although some still internalize traditional gender roles shaped by social and cultural influences. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence on the gap between normative Islamic values and pedagogical realities in secondary school PAI learning. The findings imply the need for more gender-responsive PAI curriculum development, teacher professional training, and educational policies that support inclusive and equitable learning practices. These efforts are essential to ensure that Islamic education remains relevant, responsive, and effective in fostering ethical and egalitarian attitudes among Generation Z learners.
The Influence of Quizizz Application-Based Learning Media on Student Learning Motivation in Islamic Religious Education Subject
This study aimed to investigate the influence of Quizizz application-based learning media on students’ motivation in Islamic Religious Education (IRE) classes. Motivation is a key factor in effective learning, yet students in IRE often exhibit low engagement due to conventional, teacher-centered instructional methods. A quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group was employed to address this issue. The study involved 60 grade X students at SMA Negeri 14 Bandar Lampung, divided into an experimental group that received Quizizz-based learning and a control group that followed traditional teaching methods. Students’ motivation was measured using a validated Learning Motivation Questionnaire (LMQ), complemented by classroom observation of engagement and participation. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent-samples t-tests, paired-samples t-tests, and effect size calculation (Cohen’s d). The results indicated that students in the experimental group exhibited significantly higher motivation scores, greater participation, and enhanced intrinsic and extrinsic motivation compared to the control group. These findings suggest that interactive digital tools such as Quizizz can effectively transform IRE classrooms into more engaging, student-centered learning environments. The study contributes to educational theory by extending motivation research to religious education contexts and provides practical implications for teachers and policymakers to integrate gamified learning platforms. Future research is recommended to examine long-term effects on academic achievement and to explore the applicability of such tools across diverse subjects and educational levels.
Quizizz Learning Media and Students' Learning Interests: An Empirical Study on the Learning of Aqidah and Akhlak
This study aims to determine the effect of the use of Quizizz learning media on the learning interest of eighth grade students in the subject of Akidah Akhlak at MTs Hidayatul Mubtadi-ien Sobang, with a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental design of the Nonequivalent Control Group Design type involving an experimental group using Quizizz and a control group following conventional learning; data were collected through a learning interest questionnaire whose validity and reliability were tested and analyzed using an independent samples t-test after meeting the prerequisites of normality and homogeneity, while observations were used to monitor the implementation and participation of students. The results showed that students in the experimental class had a higher learning interest than those in the control class with a significant difference (p < 0.05), confirming that the integration of gamification-based digital learning media is effective in increasing learning interest even in learning values ​​and morals. This study enriches the literature by emphasizing the role of the affective dimension in the internalization of religious values ​​and provides an empirical basis for policy makers and madrasah managers to integrate learning technology adaptively. Limitations of the study include a quasi-experimental design without full randomization, limited subject coverage, and short treatment duration, so further research using a more rigorous design, wider subjects, and mixed methods is recommended for a more comprehensive understanding.
The Urgency of Non-Formal Educational Institutions Towards A Civil Society (A Study of Thematic Interpretation of The Qur'an, Surat Al-Ma'un)
This study examines the urgency of non-formal educational institutions in fostering civil society through a thematic interpretation of the Qur’an, specifically Surah Al-Ma’un. The research is motivated by the persistent gap between religious ritualism and social responsibility, which has limited the transformative role of education in addressing social inequality and marginalization. Employing a qualitative library-based approach, this study applies thematic Qur’anic interpretation by analyzing classical and contemporary tafsir sources, scholarly works on Islamic education, and literature on civil society to construct an integrative conceptual framework. The findings reveal that Surah Al-Ma’un emphasizes core values such as social justice, care for the poor and orphans, sincerity in worship, and collective moral responsibility, which are highly relevant to the objectives of non-formal education. These values position non-formal educational institutions as strategic agents that bridge religious teachings and social praxis, enabling education to function as a tool for social awareness, empowerment, and ethical community development. The study contributes to the literature by extending the interpretation of Surah Al-Ma’un from a purely theological discourse to a socio-educational paradigm that links Qur’anic ethics, non-formal education, and civil society formation. This research offers theoretical insights for Islamic education studies and practical implications for educators and policymakers seeking to strengthen the role of faith-based non-formal education in addressing contemporary social challenges.
Guidance and Counseling Teachers' Perceptions of Obstacles and Challenges in Identifying Learning Difficulties in Students of Babunnajah Vocational School
This study aims to determine the role of guidance and counseling teachers in identifying the difficulties of SMK Babunnajah students. The population in this study was 40 students, simple research was 10 students, the method used in this study was qualitative, data collection techniques in this study used observation, documentation, interviews, consioner, which first provided pretests and then given posttests treatment to find out the results of student discussions after being given behavior Based on the results of the study above, researchers can conclude that efforts that can be made by BK teachers in identifying student difficulties by using group guidance can also be done by holding consultations with students every few months by calling one by one students in each class and asking students about the problems they face. Group guidance is carried out to provide assistance to students through group situations, group guidance aims to develop social skills, especially students' communication skills.
Guru BK, Hambatam, Tantangan, dan Kesulitan Belajar
Reconstructing Islamic Educational Values Based on Gratitude: An Educational Analysis of Surah Al-Kawthar
This study aims to reconstruct gratitude-based Islamic educational values through an analysis of Surah Al-Kawthar. This topic is significant because contemporary Islamic education requires the integration of spiritual, moral, and social values to develop learners’ character holistically. The study employed a qualitative library research approach and thematic-educational tafsir analysis, using primary data from the Qur’anic text and classical and contemporary tafsir works, as well as secondary data from Islamic education literature and studies on educational values. Data were analyzed systematically to identify core values, educational patterns, and practical implications of gratitude in Surah Al-Kawthar. The findings reveal that gratitude functions as a core value of Islamic education, integrating spiritual, worship, and social dimensions. The command faṣalli li rabbika emphasizes worship as a meaningful educational medium, while wanḥar highlights sacrifice and social responsibility, with value-based resilience forming the foundation for long-term educational orientation. These findings suggest that gratitude can serve as a conceptual framework for curriculum development, learning strategies, and the formation of resilient character, while bridging normative values and social practice. This study provides theoretical, methodological, and practical contributions, and opens avenues for future research to empirically examine the implementation of gratitude values and explore other Qur’anic values in contemporary Islamic education.
Questioning Skills of Grade VII Students in SubjectIslamic Religious Education Lessons at SMPN 2 Sragi, South Lampung
This study aims to analyze the asking ability of seventh grade students in Islamic religious education subjects at SMP Negeri 2 Sragi, both in terms of the form of questions, depth of meaning, as well as pedagogical and psychological factors.. This type of research is qualitative descriptive research. The subjects in this study were teachers and students. The data collection techniques used by researchers were observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study showed that eighth grade students had low questioning skills based on the frequency of questions asked. The frequency of questions that can be asked by eighth grade students in the Islamic Religious Education learning process is eight questions from six classes with an average of asking 1 to 2 questions per class or if in percentage only 6%. Students' questioning skills based on the criteria of the questions asked are categorized as skilled. This can be seen based on the results of observations, where in asking questions, students are able to construct question sentences using the right question words, ask questions that explore information, are able to convey questions even though they are not directly on the core of the question, and are able to choose the right time to ask questions, namely when the teacher invites students to ask questions. The volume of voice when asking questions is also at a level that is not too high and not too low, so that all students in the class can hear it.
The Nature of Educators and Students in Islamic Education; A Qualitative Study
Islamic education is primarily oriented toward developing knowledgeable and noble individuals through a learning process imbued with spiritual, moral, and humanitarian values. This study aims to uncover the existential nature of educators and students in Islamic education and how their relationship shapes a meaningful educational process. This study employed a qualitative phenomenological approach, with primary data sources consisting of in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation at three Islamic educational institutions. The research informants consisted of teachers, lecturers, and students selected purposively. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing.The results of this study indicate that educators in Islamic education are essentially murabbi, mu'allim, and mursyid, whose roles are not only as teachers of knowledge but also as spiritual and moral guides. Students are viewed as thalibul 'ilm seekers of knowledge who undergo the learning process as a path to self-purification and devotion to Allah SWT. The relationship between the two is formed symbiotically and spiritually, marked by the values ​​of compassion, respect, and exemplary behavior. This educational relationship is at the core of the process of forming a perfect human being who integrates reason, heart, and faith. This study emphasizes the need for Islamic education to be reoriented towards a more humanistic and transformative learning model, by positioning teachers and students as spiritual partners in the process of seeking knowledge
The Concept of Gratitude as the Foundation of Islamic Educational Values ​​from the Perspective of the Interpretation of the Al-Quran, Surah Al-Kautsar
This study aims to analyze the concept of gratitude in the Qur'an, Surah Al-Kautsar, through a thematic interpretation (maudhu'i) approach in order to discover its theological and philosophical meaning in the context of Islamic education, identify the educational values ​​contained therein, and formulate a conceptual model of Islamic education based on the value of gratitude that is relevant to the development of students' character. This study uses a thematic approach.This qualitative research uses an integrative digital-hermeneutic method, combining a literature review, thematic interpretation analysis, and digital exploration of the latest scientific sources based on online data. This method allows researchers to triangulate classical and contemporary sources, both from interpretation books and digital scientific publications, to gain a more comprehensive and contextual understanding of the meaning of gratitude. The results show that the concept of gratitude in Surah Al-Kautsar encompasses three main dimensions: theological awareness of God's blessings, moral responsibility for knowledge, and spiritual practice manifested in social behavior and worship. These three dimensions serve as the foundation of Islamic educational values ​​that emphasize the balance between the intellectual, spiritual, and moral development of students. Based on these findings, this study produces a conceptual model of Islamic Education Based on the Value of Gratitude (MPINS) that can be applied in curriculum design, learning strategies, and character development in Islamic educational institutions. Theoretically, this study expands the discourse of Islamic education by emphasizing the relevance of Qur'anic interpretation as a source for developing value theory. Policy-wise, these findings can be used as a reference in the development of a character education curriculum based on Qur'anic values. Meanwhile, practically, the formulated model provides guidance for teachers and educators in instilling the value of gratitude through learning.