Theological and Historical Dialectics of the Qur’an: An Analysis of Its Function, Revelation Process, and Codification in Islamic Tradition

Abstract

This article examines the definition of the Qur’an, its position and functions, the process of revelation, and the history of its compilation by using a library research method through the exploration of various sources on Ulumul Qur’an, tafsir literature, and previous studies. This study highlights how the Qur’an is understood as the word of Allah revealed gradually over 23 years through the Angel Jibril, as well as how its functions as guidance, healing, distinction, and admonition play important roles in the lives of Muslims. Furthermore, the article discusses the process of the Qur’an’s codification, which began with the recording of revelations during the Prophet Muhammad’s era, continued with the compilation of the mushaf by Abu Bakr after many memorizers were martyred in the Battle of Yamamah, the standardization of recitations by Uthman ibn Affan through the Uthmanic Mushaf, and the refinement of diacritical marks during the era of Ali ibn Abi Talib. The findings show that the authenticity of the Qur’an has remained preserved due to a strong transmission system, strict supervision by the companions, and a careful and systematic writing process. Therefore, understanding the history of the Qur’an’s revelation and codification is essential for strengthening faith, deepening comprehension, and improving the practice of Islamic teachings in everyday life.