Online Buying and Selling From an Islamic Religious Perspective: A Review of Fiqih Muamalah

Abstract

The development of information technology has brought about major changes in people's transaction patterns, one of which is through the practice of online buying and selling (e-commerce). This phenomenon provides convenience and efficiency in trade, but also raises a number of problems from an Islamic legal perspective, such as the potential for gharar, fraud, and the unclear object of the contract. This study aims to review the practice of online buying and selling from the perspective of muamalah fiqh by emphasizing the principles of justice (al-'adl), honesty (ash-shidq), openness (al-wudhuh), and benefit (maslahah). The research method used is a qualitative literature study approach, using primary sources in the form of the Qur'an, Hadith, and classical and contemporary fiqh literature, as well as secondary sources such as scientific journals, books, and fatwas DSN-MUI. The results of the study indicate that online buying and selling is valid according to sharia if the pillars and conditions of buying and selling are met, namely the presence of a seller, a buyer, a clear object of the contract, and ijab qabul realized through a digital system. However, inappropriate practices such as manipulating product descriptions, concealing defects, and low price transparency can lead to gharar (unlawful activity) and fraud, which are prohibited in Islam. Therefore, Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh muamalah) provides a normative and practical framework to ensure online transactions comply with sharia, protect consumer rights, and generate benefits in the digital economy